Understanding Diseases Affecting Profitability

Diseases that affect the profitability of broiler chicks in the Middle East.

Broiler chickens in the Middle East face a number of diseases that have a negative impact on growth and feed conversion rates, and increase the mortality of chickens, the degree of economic losses caused by these diseases by type of disease and time The flock conflicts and the control and prevention conditions that the owners of the flocks are undergoing are affected.

Typically, poultry diseases can also be categorized based on their severity. High-intensity diseases include highly pathogenic avian influenza and acute visceral visceral disease (VVND). Acute visceral Newcastle disease, especially in mother’s flocks, causes high mortality. In many Middle Eastern countries, the disease has been controlled by combining (bioscuritis and vaccination).

Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and possibly other countries have had the problem of moderate to severe influenza-like illnesses alone or in combination with other diseases. In some countries, there have been significant monitoring of the presence of antibodies against the flu, it is clear that the strain Mutable H5 and H7 modulations have the ability to convert to very high levels of strain.

This caused a highly contagious influenza virus in the United States in 1984, North Mexico in 1994, and Italy in 1999.

Permanent damage

Diseases of the disease bring permanent damage almost to the whole of the Middle East. Infectious diseases do not occur individually in commercial flocks, but are a series of diseases that affect chickens during the growth period.

The immunosuppressive viruses and recurrent respiratory tract are seen as synergism, and the septicemia of the colon and the swelling of the airbags with a common source of fermi are known to be the leading cause of mortality and growth retardation. The immunosuppressive viruses include infectious viruses Mark’s disease, Gumburo disease, and infectious anemia virus in chickens, which reduce immunohistral immunity and tissue immunity, increase the impact of respiratory viruses and reduce the response to vaccination. Gumboro and Mark’s disease viruses are highly proportional They are resistant to environmental factors and will remain in places where they have not been disinfected The presence of several herds or the close proximity of the poultry together will cause the poultry flocks to encounter these viruses and weaken the safe responses.

The infectious chicken virus has the potential for vertical transmission of the herd to chickens, thus providing proper protection in the mother’s flocks to prevent this transmission. There is also a sufficient maternal antibody against Newcastle disease, Gumburo and bronchitis. Chickens are essential if they are to be matured.

Coordinated programs

In companies that operate independently and deal with retailers, day-old chicks and broiler chicks, there is little interest in researching (bioscorrhiza), vaccination of mother flocks and eliminating vertically-transmitted diseases. Every sector of this kind of industry only thinks of increasing its profitability, without paying attention to the success of other components of the production chain. But large companies with a wide range of activities are investigating the quality of the donor, the production of chickens free from vertically transmitted diseases and the adequacy of maternal antibodies in chickens.

Food conversion and shelf-life of broiler chicks will be in the best condition in such circumstances. In this type of industry, each production unit calculates its costs and benefits based on the available broiler chicks to the market. These types of programs will minimize the incidence of disease and outcomes. The practical experience gained over the past 30 years shows the importance and value of disease prevention. Large companies in North America and Western Europe emphasize the eradication of vertically transmitted diseases, high-level biosecurity, and more effective vaccination programs.

Compared with these programs in a number of Middle Eastern countries, when exposed to an outbreak of diseases and an increase in the mortality of birds, a combination of immunosuppressive and respiratory illnesses, has resulted in the use of high levels of antibiotics to treat herds. Gets Incorrect use of antibiotics can account for up to 20 percent of the cost of broiler chickens. Long-term administration of antibiotics such as quinolones, macrolides and sulfonamides has led to extensive drug resistance. This not only reduces the effects of drugs, but also the major cause of drug resistance in the human population. Unwanted medications to fight off septicemia. Cancer may persist for up to 2 days before chickens are sold. Failure to adhere to the precautionary timing of medication leads to contamination of the food chain and the consumption of protein substances that contain the drug residues.

Immediate administration of medications

Veterinarians who have the necessary theoretical training have collaborated with government diagnostic laboratories, chicken factories and suppliers. However, there are problems with the epidemiology of diseases, the interaction of pathogens with the environment and the production economy. Veterinarians have learned the necessary training to avoid antibiotics without proper scientific and economic research, but are pressured by manufacturers and owners of farms to prescribe drugs without adequate testing.

There is a need for specialized disciplines in the field of disease prevention and there are plans for ventilation management, immunization, laboratory and experimental diagnostic methods, and the interpretation of production records and serology. In some cases, veterinarians from the United States and Western Europe have been employed by large companies to control the disease by using (proper prevention and treatment). Most mediators in the Middle East have limited diagnostic capabilities, serologic tests through Elizabeth’s The isolation and diagnosis of pathogenic pathogens (in the absence of skilled technicians, the absence of SPF eggs, the lack of tissue culture systems and their materials) will be interrupted. The main problems with poultry diseases in the Middle East include viral infections and bacteria that are transmitted both horizontally and verbally, and involve a combination of respiratory and digestive system diseases.

Mycoplasma disease

The disease has a vertical transmissibility, and in both ancestral and pedigree fields, the growth of broiler chicks decreases with increasing sensitivity to swollen airborne airborne squirrels.

Mycoplasma disease (from Mycoplasma galli septicemia and Mycoplasma sinuvia) can be controlled by proper biosecurity measurements that are applied in ancestral herds and these herds are derived from disease free line farms. These diseases are inversely proportional to their profitability. Controlling measures include vaccination of healthy mother flocks using vaccine reductions during breeding season. Mycoplasma bacteria (killed) usually have no effect. The disease in chicks can be undermined by proper administration of drugs such as thylosine, lincomycin and other mycoplasma drugs. Vaccination of herds and administration of antibiotics free of specific disease-specific prophylaxis And it is emphasized that eradication of Mg is necessary for the usefulness of the poultry industry.

Mark diseases

This is an all-encompassing infection, which weakens immunity and septicemia. The subsequent colonies are in Middle Eastern countries. Control programs to reduce the disease in broiler chickens include age-old incubation programs, disinfection of halls between different incubation periods and the use of effective vaccination programs. In the Middle East, the use of HTV vaccines or HTV_SB combination vaccines that are used intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in day-old chicks is necessary. Maternal herds should use RISP vaccines, which have high levels of Immunity is created and the problem of interference with maternal antibodies disappears. It has been emphasized that the Leopflicelli vaccine does not affect marker disease against the pathogenic nature of wild strains found in the Middle East.

Infectious Disease 3 (Gumboro)

The most important impairment of the immune system is the viral agent of the disease, which leads to poor response to vaccination and allergenicity of birds to respiratory and septic infections. The secondary is increased. Infectious Buccino Disease Control (IBD) requires a high level of maternal antibody transmission. This is achieved by administering live vaccines to reduce the immunity of mothers during their breeding season. Injecting deadly oil-in-oil vaccines at the time of their transfer and, if necessary, at mid-production, will provide sufficient antibody transfer to the results. Under the high risk of exposure to IBD pathogens, herds can be safely administered as eggs or subcutaneous injections at one year of age. Both abbreviated vaccines or a combination of live virus with a neutralizing factor can be used.

Reduced vaccines combined with drinking water and with the necessary precautions in succession during growth can be used. The choice of vaccine strain for vaccine administration is based on serological monitoring that determines the time to reduce maternal antibodies, the response to primary and secondary vaccination.

Clinical signs of exposure to the herd with infection can be examined through the observation and visit of herds, mortality and post-mortem examinations. In flocks that are progressive in septicemia. Coli can be seen. Affected chicks show a fabrics stockbreeding atrophy, indicating that the chickens are exposed to an infectious bursal disease virus. Clearer

As a rule, chickens that are non-infected with the flock, their form and size are commensurate with their age.

Acute Newcastle disease

Acute Newcastle disease is almost endemic in all countries of the Middle East, and is due to the effects of vaccination. When the herds are at a specific level of about 60-40% susceptibility to the disease, the clinical outbreak of the patient with VVND Occupancy, carriers and vehicles can spread the virus to the farm and spread the infection among different parts of the farm. Some areas near the independent poultry units together with bioscore methods The weaknesses make up a massive age range that may span hundreds of square kilometers Have to. Protect against VVND cattle vaccination campaign will correctly.

Experience has shown that a vaccine that is used as spray suppressant should be associated with injectable vaccines, which are a unit of high antigen content. The herds are then vaccinated against patients during the breeding season with continuous vaccinations, which are carried out at a 10-day interval. When the immune system is initially stimulated with the Nexner strain of the vaccine, Lastel strain can be used in mycoplasma free flocks with acceptable management and ventilation. The vaccine strain used depends on the risk level of the disease and the age of exposure to the disease, which is detected by a serum antibody test. Where VVND is endemic, Ulster, V4 and glandular strains are not recommended due to inadequate immunity. It is recommended that any vaccination program should be evaluated using exposures of 30-day-old broiler chickens exposed to wild strains of VVND virus under controlled laboratory conditions.

Laryngotracheitis

This disease is endemic in a number of countries and may have a laryngotracheitis occurrence in these countries based on a seasonal pattern. Early detection of this infection by isolation and diagnosis of the disease or using serological monitoring to control this critical disease Is.

Following the onset of this disease, the implementation of an effective vaccination program is necessary and indispensable. Studies in the United States show that vaccines of ovoid origin produce better immunity than vaccines of cell culture origin. Vaccines can be used in the form of eye drops or drinking water up to 7 days before exposure to the disease. It has been emphasized that the vaccine is only used in areas where the disease has been diagnosed in that area. Vaccinated herds will dispose of laryngotracheitis virus for a long time, and mother and herbal flocks may bring the virus to new points.

Poultry Lecos – Strain of the 2nd

The infection was transmitted vertically and first seen in 1990 in the mother’s poultry. The advances made in the field of molecular biological techniques have led to the discovery of infected herds, allowing breeders to nearly eliminate the infection, and in the past few years, the damage to the disease has been reduced. It is commonly found in mammalian herds and is characterized by an increase in progressive mortality that can account for 20-40% of males and females. Anatomy is a symptom of visceral and bone marrow tumors.

Results from infected herds may show a lack of growth. According to preliminary reports under laboratory conditions, this is not a weakening immune system. However, under the experimental conditions, there may be effects between the infection and the marker disease and the infectious anemia of the chickens. Involved herds can be detected by detecting high levels of specific P 58 antigen in albumin eggs and colloquials. It has been emphasized that there are a number of false positives in the use of the ELISA test. Confirmation of the isolation detection and identification of the leukosis virus is carried out using a polymerase chain reaction technology of reverse transcriptase. These tests can only be carried out in European-equipped laboratories.

Kelly Basilos

This infection is not a specific disease, but as a result of weakening of the immune system and respiratory infections. Kelly basilosis and airway swelling in mycoplasma, increasing exposure to cold during breeding, and lack of sufficient ventilation during the second half of the breeding season. Daily changes in temperature, high levels of dust and ammonia accumulation of herds are susceptible to the effects of respiratory infections and septicemia. The grain level will increase at the herd level. Impairment of immunity, and in particular infectious bursal disease, have reduced the immune response and has been introduced as a factor in the overall incidence of recurrent basiluses. The disease can be reduced by applying proper vaccination programs against immunosuppressive diseases and respiratory diseases. This requires choosing the appropriate vaccine strains and determining the correct timing of the vaccine. The effectiveness of vaccination programs should be checked using serum monitoring.

Chlorination of water to 2ppm. Repeated washing of water systems to reduce the accumulation of organisms and infectious agents in water pipes will reduce the overall septicemia. Prescribing antibiotics, even if tested by microbial susceptibility testing, will reduce mortality only during treatment. Antibiotic administration should be done according to the existing pharmaceutical laws. The cost of prescribing drugs is significant and should be evaluated (cost-benefit).

Inflammatory Syndrome

This disease has a specific cellular cellular appearance and can affect up to 15% of the deaths from ocular swelling and overall septicemia resulting from it. The origin of this complication is multifactorial and requires a weakening of immunity by Gumburo diseases, infectious anemia of chicks and markers, and hamoral immune responses and local tissue immune responses are weakened. Some respiratory stresses with lower ventilation than ideal results in dust and ammonia accumulation. The predisposing infections include pneumonia, coronaviruses (infectious bronchitis), or Newcastle disease, which causes infection in the upper respiratory tract. Pneumonia viruses specifically cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the palate and nasal congestion.

Infected chicks have an eye irritation and give the disease a chance to invade the tissues below the eyes. Conducting injury to the lymphatic conjunctiva leads to the condition of the cellulite. Birds with a mild illness can be transmitted to another and provided with water and food. Pathogenic agents that involve flocks in the Middle East are almost similar to those found in the Hemisphere. The severity and extent of the diseases are higher for the following causes in the Middle East:

The existence of low biosecurity standards, live bird sales, ineffective vaccination programs, inadequate diagnostic facilities, and excessive emphasis on the treatment of this antibiotic, technology problems can be solved by training and research. Structural defects can be resolved over time as the industry moves towards integration.

Source: http://mmansouri.blogfa.com/post/275